Risk Management for C.I. Pigment Violet 29
Below is information on EPA actions under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to manage the unreasonable risk found to be presented by C.I. Pigment Violet 29 (PV29). PV29 is currently manufactured, processed, distributed, used, and disposed of as part of industrial, commercial, and consumer conditions of use. Applications for this chemical include use as an intermediate to create or adjust color of other perylene pigments, incorporation into paints and coatings in the automobile industry, incorporation into plastic and rubber products in automobiles and industrial carpeting, use in merchant ink for commercial printing, and use in consumer watercolors and acrylic artist paint.
On this page:
On other pages:
- Learn how EPA manages unreasonable risks from chemicals currently on the market.
- View a list of all chemicals undergoing risk evaluation, including docket numbers and agency points of contact.
Managing Risks from PV29
In December 2024, EPA announced a proposed rule under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to protect workers from inhalation exposure to C.I. Pigment Violet 29 (PV29), a chemical that presents risk of lung toxicity. If finalized, the rule would require respiratory protections and cleaning programs in workplaces where PV29 is used in its dry powder form.
EPA’s 2021 risk evaluation for PV29 concluded that it presents an unreasonable risk of injury to health under its conditions of use. Based on the risk evaluation of PV29 can cause lung toxicity effects that can make it harder for lungs to provide oxygen to the body. The proposed rule would put in place protections where dry powder PV29 is present and there is therefore a potential inhalation risk for PV29. EPA has concluded that PV29 already incorporated into paints, coatings or other materials no longer have the physical properties that make dry powder PV29 damaging to lungs.
To address these risks, EPA is proposing to establish minimum respiratory protection requirements for workers who may be exposed to dry powder PV29 and require cleaning of equipment and work areas where the chemical has been used. The rule would require these worker protections when working with dry powder PV29 in the following uses:
- Incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction products in paints and coatings.
- Incorporation into formulation, mixture, or reaction products in plastic and rubber products.
- Intermediate in the creation or adjustment of color of other perylene pigments.
- Industrial and commercial use in automobile paints and coatings (original equipment manufacturer and refinishing).
- Industrial and commercial use in coatings and basecoats for paints and coating.
- Industrial and commercial use in merchant ink for commercial printing.
- Domestic manufacturing, import, recycling and disposal.
EPA encourages members of the public and stakeholders to read and comment on the proposed rule. The agency is especially interested in hearing perspectives from the public on the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed requirements for worker protections, including from workers and entities that would be required to implement the workplace protections.
EPA is accepting comments on the proposed rule for 45 days following publication in the Federal Register via docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2021-0277 at www.regulations.gov.
The proposed risk management rule is based on EPA’s January 2021 risk evaluation for PV29, as amended by the August 2022 final revised risk determination for PV29. In the final revised risk determination, EPA determined that PV29 presents an unreasonable risk of injury to human health under its conditions of use. The unreasonable risk determination found that 10 of the 14 conditions of use EPA evaluated contributed to the unreasonable risk to health.
Opportunities for Public and Stakeholder Engagement
EPA will accept public comments on the proposed rule for PV29 for 45 days following publication in the Federal Register via docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2021-0277 at www.regulations.gov.
To submit a comment, first navigate to the docket in regulations.gov. Then click “Docket Documents” to view the proposed risk management rule. Click on the “Comment” button to submit your comment.
- View a list of all public and stakeholder engagement opportunities related to risk management.
- You can reach out to the EPA point of contact for this chemical, listed at the top, right of this page, for more information or to schedule a one-on-one meeting.
- You can also stay informed by signing up for email alerts or checking the public docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2021-0277 at www.regulations.gov.
Past Meetings, Webinars, and Other Engagement Opportunities
On June 1, 2021, and June 9, 2021, EPA held environmental justice consultations regarding the development of the risk management actions for PV29. These consultation sessions provided an overview of the TSCA risk management requirements, the findings from the final risk evaluations, the tools available to manage the unreasonable risks from PV29, and an opportunity for input on environmental justice concerns. Meeting Materials
On May 24, 2021, and June 3, 2021, EPA held a Tribal consultation on the development of the risk management action for PV29.
On May 12, 2021, EPA held a federalism consultation on the development of the risk management action for PV29 pursuant to Executive Order 13132.
On February 23, 2021, EPA held a public webinar on the risk management process under TSCA and the findings in the final risk evaluation for PV29.
In 2021, EPA invited small businesses, governments, and not-for-profits to participate as Small Entity Representatives to provide advice and recommendations to a Small Business Advocacy Review (SBAR) panel for PV29. Learn more about the SBAR panel.