Superfund Sites in Reuse in Connecticut
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Barkhamsted-New Hartford Landfill
The 97.8-acre Barkhamsted-New Hartford Landfill Superfund site is located in the towns of Barkhamsted and New Harford, Connecticut. Between 1974 and 1993, the land was used for municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and non-processable waste disposal via landfilling. Initial groundwater contamination was identified in 1981 and subsequent investigations further identified the nature and extent of the contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Remedy construction began in 1999 and consisted of: a landfill cap; a runoff & leachate collection and treatment system; a gas collection system; a fence around the cap and all of its appurtenances; long-term groundwater, surface water, and sediment monitoring; institutional controls to prevent contact with contaminated groundwater and damage to the cap; and performance of Five-Year Reviews. Of the 97.8 acres, approximately 13 acres consist of the capped landfill and appurtenances; a second part of the site is currently used as a transfer station and recycling center for the Regional Refuse Disposal District No. 1 (RRDD1); and a third part of the Site is used as an active solar farm that generates 1.5 megawatts of electricity and helps offset recycling transfer operating costs.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 6 people and generated an estimated $327,120 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Cheshire Ground Water Contamination
The 15-acre Cheshire Ground Water Contamination Superfund site is in Cheshire, Connecticut. From 1966 to 1980, two companies made plastic molding on site. Operations contaminated soil and groundwater with chemicals and solvents. In 1990, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). Cheshire Associates, under state and EPA orders, cleaned up the site by removing some contaminated soil. EPA extended the public water supply to residents with drinking water wells affected by site contamination. Carten Controls relocated to the site in 1996. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 1997. Carten Controls continues to operate its semiconductor parts manufacturing facility on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 36 people and generated an estimated $9,020,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Durham Meadows
The Durham Meadows Superfund site is located in Durham, Connecticut. Merriam Manufacturing Company and Durham Manufacturing Company made metal cabinets, boxes and other items on site from 1851 until 1998. Improper storage and disposal practices contaminated site soil and groundwater. In 1982, the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) found contamination in nearby private drinking water wells. Merriam Manufacturing Company and Durham Manufacturing Company installed filters on affected residential wells. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities include providing an alternate water supply for affected residents, removing soil, and monitoring and containing groundwater contamination. Cleanup also includes placing restrictions on land and groundwater use and investigating areas with possible indoor air risks. Cleanup of the Merriam Manufacturing Company area of the site is now complete. The town of Durham put an area-wide groundwater use restriction ordinance in place in 2015. Plans for the alternative water supply and cleanup of the Durham Manufacturing property are complete; construction began in 2019 and is expected to be completed in 2023. In 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. CT DEEP and EPA are working with the responsible parties and local officials to put final land and groundwater use controls in place. The Durham Manufacturing Company continues to make metal boxes on site. Commercial and public service reuses are also present on site. The site is also home to a volunteer ambulance corps, the Durham District Board of Education, churches and many businesses.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 99 people and generated an estimated $18,943,985 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Gallup's Quarry
The Gallup’s Quarry Superfund site is a 29-acre abandoned gravel pit in Plainfield, Connecticut. During the 1970s, the site owner accepted chemical wastes without a permit. Disposal activities led to site soil and groundwater contamination. After the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection removed waste drums and contaminated soil, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. EPA’s cleanup plan includes monitoring of natural processes to clean up groundwater and land use restrictions. Long-term soil, sediment and groundwater monitoring are ongoing. Today, the Plainfield Renewable Energy biomass facility is located on site. The facility became fully operational in 2014. The 37.5-megawatt power plant uses waste wood to generate enough electricity to power the equivalent of about 40,000 homes in Plainfield. Connecticut Light & Power purchases 80% of the generated energy under a 15-year agreement with the facility owner, while the remaining energy contributes to the regional renewable energy certificate market. Greenleaf Power bought the plant in 2015 and is now in charge of plant operations. There are also several surface water bodies within or near the site, including Mill Brook, Fry Brook, and Packers Pond.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 3 people and generated an estimated $10,750,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Higganum Cove
The 13-acre Higganum Cove site is located off Nosal Road in Haddam, Connecticut. From the 1840s until 1983, various manufacturing operations took place on site. These included dyeing of fabrics and yarn and the production of bridge netting, marine paints and carbonless copy paper. Following reports of inappropriate handling of hazardous substances, the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) performed site inspections from 1983 to 1989. The inspections found site soils and wetlands contaminated with industrial solvents, metals and polychlorinated biphenyls. In 2013, CT DEEP referred the site to EPA for a removal evaluation. After EPA identified the need for a removal action in 2014, EPA began emergency cleanup actions at CT DEEP’s request. These actions included excavation and disposal of contaminated soils and wetlands restoration. EPA completed cleanup in late 2015. The cleanup actions facilitated reuse at the site. Through collaboration between EPA, CT DEEP and local officials, the site is now home to a nature park. The park includes hiking trails, picnic tables, a kayak launch and restored wetlands for the public’s enjoyment.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Kellogg-Deering Well Field
The Kellogg-Deering Well Field Superfund site is in Norwalk, Connecticut. It consists of a 10-acre municipal well field and the adjacent upland area that contributed to well field contamination. The city of Norwalk has operated up to five municipal water supply wells on the well field portion of the site. During routine sampling in 1975, the city found high levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) at the well field. The city shut down wells with unacceptable levels of TCE. Inspections by the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection from 1975 to 1980 found several hazardous chemicals in site groundwater and soils. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in September 1984. Cleanup included installation of a wellhead treatment facility to allow continued use of the well field, soil vapor treatment, groundwater extraction and treatment, and institutional controls. Routine maintenance and monitoring activities are ongoing. A supplemental investigation found the primary source of contamination, about a half mile east of the well field along Main Avenue. Cleanup of source area soils and groundwater began in 1996. Soils met cleanup goals in 2006. Groundwater cleanup in the source area is ongoing. The First District Water Department operates the well field. It provides water to more than 40,000 residents in Norwalk and small areas of surrounding communities. Commercial and residential uses remain onsite. Commercial uses include office space, a shopping plaza, a car wash and car repair facilities.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 3 people and generated an estimated $922,500 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Linemaster Switch Corp.
The 45-acre Linemaster Switch Corp. Superfund site is in Woodstock, Connecticut. Electrical and pneumatic foot switches and wiring harness manufacturing has occurred on site since 1952. These operations use chemicals, paint and thinners. Past practices resulted in groundwater, sediment, surface water and soil contamination. In 1990, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup activities include soil and groundwater treatment. The groundwater treatment system remains active. Today, the Linemaster Switch Corporation continues to make electrical power switches, air valves, electrical cord sets and metal name plates at the site. Several homes, a banquet facility, a restaurant and an inn are also on site. The site’s ecological resources include three ponds.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 176 people and generated an estimated $60,985,130 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Mitral Corporation
The 5-acre Mitral Corporation site is located in Harwinton, Connecticut. Between the mid-1960s and late-1980s, Mitral Corporation did metal stamping and tooling, tumbling, sanding, degreasing and other machining work on site. Waste materials included used solvents, sludge, waste oil and scrap metal. The Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection conducted inspections and subsequently referred the site to EPA for removal evaluation. Beginning in 2007, EPA conducted cleanup activities. EPA removed asbestos-contaminated products, demolished an old factory building, removed sludge and storage tanks, removed and treated soil, and treated water. After EPA completed its cleanup in 2009, the site was vacant for five years. In 2012, two residents living next to the site purchased the property. The new owners planted a few hundred evergreen trees and plan to plant additional evergreens to sell as Christmas trees. They are considering selling the trees to benefit the Fidelco Guide Dog Foundation.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Mukluk Preserve
The 17-acre Mukluk Preserve site is a former skeet shooting range located in Sprague, Connecticut; it is part of the larger 645-acre Sprague Land Preserve. Cleanup included excavation and disposal of almost 28,000 tons of soil contaminated with lead and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. EPA coordinated closely with Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection and the town of Sprague to restore the site. The town provided all of the plantings/saplings used for restoration. EPA completed restoration of the site and supported its return to use as a recreation area for hiking, fishing, hunting, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, canoeing and other activities.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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New London Submarine Base
The New London Submarine Base Superfund site covers 687 acres on the eastern bank of the Thames River in Groton and Ledyard, Connecticut. The base opened in 1868. It has been an operation and support facility for submarine activities in the Atlantic Ocean since 1916. The site includes many contaminated areas, including three landfills, chemical storage sites, tank farms, water courses and groundwater. The U.S. Navy is the lead agency for site investigations and cleanup. EPA and the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection provide oversight. Cleanup activities included capping of all three landfills, eight removal actions, and removal of contaminated soil and sediment at the area known as the Over Bank Disposal Area. Wetland restoration in this area has also been completed. Long-term cleanup and monitoring activities are ongoing. Today, the New London Submarine Base continues to train and deploy professional submariners and combat-ready submarines. In addition to the Submarine School and other military facilities, the site supports recreational, commercial, ecological and public service uses on the base. Sailors have access to a gymnasium equipped with a free weight area, a track and field, a pool and picnic area, a golf course, and a bowling center. In 2021, base personnel celebrated Earth Day with a project to help protect site buildings against hurricane season. The Navy recently completed a waterfront modernization project to build an improved, climate-resilient submarine pier. Together with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Navy is building an electrical microgrid to protect national security and improve resilience to sea level rise and weather events. The new grid will lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions at the site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Nutmeg Valley Road
The 28-acre Nutmeg Valley Road Superfund site is located in Wolcott, Connecticut. Beginning in the 1940s, metalworking and finishing shops operated on site. Two of these shops disposed of chemicals in site soils. These improper disposal practices contaminated private drinking water wells near the site. In 1989, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL). In 1992, an emergency cleanup action addressed surface soil contamination and a potential source of groundwater contamination. After the cleanup action, groundwater studies found contaminant levels were naturally decreasing. The studies also found no evidence of widespread groundwater contamination. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2005. Industrial, commercial and some residential uses are ongoing at the site. To further revitalize the area, the town of Wolcott made infrastructure improvements to area roads and offered visual enhancement incentives such as debris pickup and free paint for property owners. Local officials point to site improvements and the site’s removal from the NPL as factors that led to the construction of a $2 million state-of-the-art greenhouse next to the site. The town of Wolcott expects these factors to encourage more commercial and industrial development at the site. Recently, a new commercial building for Ultimate Services Professional Grounds Management was constructed at the site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 8 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 41 people and generated an estimated $7,624,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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Old Southington Landfill
The 13-acre Old Southington Landfill Superfund site is located in Southington, Connecticut. The municipal landfill operated from the early 1920s until 1967. Closure activities included compacting loose waste, covering the landfill with clean soil, and reseeding the area with grass. Between 1973 and 1980, the town subdivided and sold the landfill property for residential and commercial development. Construction of several homes and commercial businesses took place at the site and nearby areas. In 1979, the Connecticut Department of Public Health found elevated levels of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) at Municipal Well #5 located 700 feet northwest of the landfill. This led to permanently closing the well and conducting further investigations revealing groundwater, soil, sediment, and surface water contamination at the landfill. EPA added the Site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup activities included permanent relocation of on-site homes and businesses, landfill capping, passive soil gas collection system, disposal of semi-solid sludge materials in a lined cell beneath the cap, groundwater long-term monitoring, and land use restrictions. Land use restrictions were placed at the landfill to prevent damage to the cap and at two downgradient properties to keep vapors from landfill contaminated groundwater from migrating through cracks into the buildings. The northern part of the landfill was developed into a passive recreational park where people can walk their dogs, watch wildlife and canoe in the adjacent Black Pond. The southern part of the landfill is fenced with no public access. All remedial activities have been completed. EPA deleted the site from the NPL in 2018. Long-term groundwater monitoring and Five-Year Reviews continue to take place to ensure the remedy remains effective and protective of human health and the environment. As part of the cleanup settlement, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service restores ecological habitat, including waterways and natural resource areas affected by the site. Trail maintenance work along the Quinnipiac River will allow for more recreational use.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Raymark Industries, Inc.
The Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund site includes over 500 acres near the Housatonic River in Stratford, Connecticut. From 1919 until 1989, Raymark Industries made various automotive parts on a 34-acre area at the site. Disposal of manufacturing wastes took place at the former manufacturing site, on dozens of residential, commercial and municipal properties across town, and in the wetlands next to the Housatonic River. Contaminated groundwater beneath the former facility impacted nearby commercial and residential areas due to the intrusion of vapors into overlying homes and buildings. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1995. Cleanup activities included removing contaminated soil and waste from several residential properties, capping the former manufacturing property, installing vapor mitigation systems in more than 100 homes, and temporarily covering and restricting access to other properties. People near the site do not currently use groundwater for drinking purposes. EPA considered reuse in the construction of the cap over the former 34-acre manufacturing property. The cap allowed for redevelopment of the property while ensuring the remedy remained protective. EPA awarded the site a Superfund Redevelopment Program pilot grant in 2001. The Stratford Crossing Shopping Center, completed in 2003, currently occupies the site. The shopping center provides a mixed green and commercial space. The community enjoys access to several popular businesses, including Walmart, Home Depot, ShopRite Supermarket and Webster Bank. Investigation and cleanup activities continue on the other contaminated properties around town. In 2015, local and federal partners, including EPA, completed a removal action at Sikorsky Memorial Airport. The cleanup realigned Main Street to facilitate the extension of an airport runway safety zone. In 2015, EPA and the town jointly announced a reuse plan for a former ball field. Waste from several commercial and wetland properties is being consolidated with existing waste at the former ball field and capped. This plan was documented in a Record of Decision issued by EPA in 2016. The cap is being designed by EPA to support a commercial or municipal building based on the town’s needs. Active cleanup of the additional contaminated properties began in September 2020. Commercial properties will be restored to existing use including an office building, dry cleaner, karate studio, liquor store, boat yard and a pair of car dealerships. Open spaces, wetlands and public parks will be restored to their natural state. In 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at National Priorities List (NPL) sites. In 2022, EPA committed $33 million under BIL to ensure cleanup at the site. The BIL will fund continued soil excavation, disposal, and capping of ball fields in a faster and more efficient manner, and construct necessary storm water management features.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 26 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 1,056 people and generated an estimated $269,291,984 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Site Redevelopment Profile: Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund Site (PDF)
- Reuse and the Benefit to Community: Raymark Industries, Inc. Superfund Site (PDF)
- Reuse Fact Sheet: Raymark Industries, Inc. (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
Revere Textile Prints Corp.
The 15-acre Revere Textile Prints Corp. Superfund site is in Sterling, Connecticut. Starting in 1972, a textile processing facility was on site. Facility operations and storage practices contaminated soil and groundwater. In 1978, a fire destroyed the facility. Drums found in the ruins of the fire leaked heavy metals onto the ground. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in July 1987. In 1983, the town of Sterling removed over 1,500 drums containing heavy metals and removed six more drums in 1990. Land restrictions were put in place. EPA took the site off the NPL in September 1994. A memorial park was built on site.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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Scovill Industrial Landfill
The 25-acre Scovill Industrial Landfill Superfund site is located in Waterbury, Connecticut. From 1919 until the mid-1970s, the Scovill Manufacturing Company used the area as a landfill. By the mid-1990s, developers had built condominiums, apartment buildings, small commercial buildings, and a shopping mall on the 18-acre southern portion of the site. The northern portion of the site is an undeveloped 6.8-acre parcel known as the Calabrese parcel. In 1988, residential development that was underway at the Calabrese parcel uncovered industrial wastes. The Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) subsequently issued a stop-work order and removed 2,300 tons of PCB-contaminated soil along with 18 capacitors from the Calabrese parcel. CT DEEP then placed a temporary soil cap over the area and fenced it. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2000. Studies followed to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the site as well as potential risks to human health and the environment. A Record of Decision (ROD) was signed on September 30, 2013 followed by an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) signed on September 21, 2016, that further refined the remedy. The remedy consists of excavation of contaminated soils and consolidation of contaminated soil under a two-foot thick, 1.4-acre soil cap on the Calabrese property. Excavated soils that exceed the State of Connecticut Pollutant Mobility Criteria will be excavated down to the water table and disposed off site at an approved licensed facility. The excavated areas will be backfilled with clean fill and restored to their original state (i.e., pavement or vegetation). An active vapor collection system was installed under one of the commercial buildings by the property owner to prevent potential future risk to those residents. Wetland areas impacted by cap construction at the Calabrese property will be restored and replicated as appropriate. Institutional controls will also be implemented throughout the site to prevent contact with contaminated soils and damage to the cap. In 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. EPA is working towards selecting a cleanup contractor.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 19 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 78 people and generated an estimated $12,937,430 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
Solvents Recovery Service Of New England
The Solvents Recovery Service of New England Superfund site is located in Southington, Connecticut. The site includes a 4-acre former operations area and a 42-acre groundwater contamination plume. From 1955 until 1991, a hazardous waste treatment and storage facility operated at the site. During operations, releases occurred onsite and operators stored process wastes in unlined lagoons. These practices resulted in soil and groundwater contamination. In 1979, the town of Southington discovered contamination in two public water supply wells downgradient of the site. The town closed these wells. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. EPA conducted short-term cleanup activities to remove 19 drums of contaminated materials. Cleanup activities also include treating groundwater, consolidating and capping contaminated soil, treating soil, monitoring, and restricting groundwater and land use. Cleanup construction completed in 2017; long-term monitoring and maintenance is ongoing. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service used funds from potentially responsible parties to restore ecological habitat, including waterways and natural resources affected by the site. In September 2017, construction was completed for a new section of the nearly 80-mile-long Farmington Canal Heritage Trail, which runs across the site, and a trail access parking lot. A 50-kilowatt solar array was also constructed to provide power for the long-term operation of the groundwater extraction system.
Last updated December 2023
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Recreational and Ecological Use at Superfund Sites Story Map
- Site Redevelopment Profile: Solvents Recovery Service of New England Superfund Site (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page