Superfund Sites in Reuse in Michigan

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AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS (D & L SALES)

The 17-acre Aircraft Components (D & L Sales) Superfund site is next to the Paw Paw River in Benton Harbor, Michigan. Several manufacturing companies were on-site, including an airplane parts resale business. Some of the aircraft parts contained radioactive paint. Investigations found that some of the aircraft parts deteriorated over time, raising concerns that radioactive paint and dust could leak out. EPA led emergency cleanup activities in 1995. EPA installed a gate and fencing, boarded up buildings, posted warning signs, covered piles of radioactive materials and consolidated waste materials. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996. Cleanup included removal and disposal of radioactive materials, contaminated soil and sediment, an on-site soil cover, cleanup and demolition of on-site buildings, and groundwater treatment. The radioactive materials and soils cleanup finished in 2003. Institutional controls limit the use of land and groundwater. Monitoring and maintenance activities for groundwater, soil-gas and surface water are ongoing. Today, the area is part of a community-wide development project. Hole 14 of the Harbor Shores Golf Course is on part of the site. The course is also connected to the local arts community. It features sculptures at each hole created by area artists. In 2018, a craft brewery warehouse opened on the remaining part of the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. EPA did not have further economic details related to these businesses. For additional information click here.

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ALLIED PAPER, INC./PORTAGE CREEK/KALAMAZOO RIVER

Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River
Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River

The Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund site is in Allegan and Kalamazoo counties in Michigan. It includes 80 miles of the Kalamazoo River, riverbanks and floodplains, a 3-mile stretch of Portage Creek, five landfills and a paper mill. The paper mill and the landfills sent contaminated paper residuals into Portage Creek and the Kalamazoo River. These activities contaminated soil and sediment. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Cleanup included soil removal, stabilization, capping and installation of groundwater monitoring systems at four of the five landfills. In 2006, the city of Plainwell (the City) bought part of the site – the former paper mill property. This area is now part of a Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. EPA provided reuse planning assistance to support the City’s evaluation of reuse opportunities in 2008. Redevelopment work began in 2010, when the City and Conestoga-Rovers & Associates (CRA) entered into an agreement for the redevelopment of the 36-acre former paper mill. The City completed a $1.7 million renovation of the former dewatering building to house its Public Safety Department. The City moved Plainwell City Hall into renovated office space in the former paper mill building on-site. In 2012, CRA also relocated its U.S. construction headquarters and 50 jobs into the mill’s renovated office space. Local artists used salvaged materials to create a sculpture near the main entrance to the renovated mill complex. A new restaurant opened on-site in 2018. The community also uses the adjacent Kalamazoo River for swimming, boating and fishing. CRA and city officials remain focused on opportunities for more commercial, residential and community uses at the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 128 people and generated an estimated $26,176,070 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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AMERICAN ANODCO, INC.

The 8-acre American Anodco, Inc. Superfund site is in Ionia, Michigan. Since 1962, American Anodco has cleaned or treated aluminum parts for the automotive industry on-site. Its past operations contaminated groundwater, sediment, soil and surface water. In 1987, EPA required that the responsible parties dewater the lagoons, remove and take sludge off-site for disposal, and monitor the groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. The wells used for groundwater monitoring were removed in 2018. EPA issued the site’s close-out report in 2019. Later in 2019, EPA and the state found that the facility on-site was using harmful compounds known as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The facility was the primary contributor of PFAS to the Ionia Wastewater Treatment Plant. State-led cleanups included tank cleaning and pre-discharge PFAS treatment. In 2023, sampling found three residential wells with high levels of PFAS. Water filters were offered to residents of the ten affected homes. EPA and the state will work with the potentially responsible parties to determine how investigation and sampling will move forward. An automotive parts company is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 1,100 people and generated an estimated $327,262,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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ANDERSON DEVELOPMENT CO.

The 12-acre Anderson Development Co. Superfund site is in Adrian, Michigan. From 1970 to 1979, Anderson Development Company (ADC) produced highly toxic chemicals on-site. Manufacturing processes released discharges to surface water and air, causing widespread contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. The site’s potentially responsible party led cleanup activities at the site and at off-site homes with EPA and state oversight. Activities included sampling and cleanup of affected homes, treatment of contaminated soils and sediments, and connections to the public water supply. Cleanup finished in 1993. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1996. ADC’s chemical manufacturing facility remains active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 115 people and generated an estimated $43,040,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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AVENUE "E" GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

The 435-acre Avenue “E” Ground Water Contamination Superfund site is in Traverse City, Michigan. It includes a U.S. Coast Guard Air Station and surrounding areas. Since 1943, the U.S. Navy led industrial operations on-site using oils, lubricants, paint, gasoline and volatile solvents. Improper handling, direct dumping and spills contaminated groundwater. In 1980, residents near the station reported well water contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996. Working with the state of Michigan, the U.S. Coast Guard led cleanup activities, which included groundwater pumping and treatment. EPA took the site off the NPL in 2007 after groundwater met cleanup standards. The U.S. Coast Guard Air Station remains active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 34 people and generated an estimated $775,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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BARRELS, INC.

The 2.3-acre Barrels, Inc. Superfund site is in Lansing, Michigan. Barrels, Inc. was active on-site from 1961 to 1980. Spills from drum reclamation processes and from a storage tank contaminated surface soils. In 1986, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) removed about 1,000 drums, 1,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil and nine underground storage tanks. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. EPA later designated it as a state-lead enforcement site. In 2006, new groundwater data indicated that an upgradient source, the former Motor Wheel Plant Superfund site, was affecting groundwater. The potentially responsible parties are not responsible for cleaning up the contamination migrating onto the site and contaminating groundwater. Cleanup included removing contaminated soil, decontaminating and destroying tanks and other structures, and removing debris and taking it off-site for disposal. Cleanup finished in 2012. Institutional controls restrict land and resource use on-site. An electrical contractor is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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BENDIX CORP./ALLIED AUTOMOTIVE

Entrance to the Bosch facility on the site
Bendix Corp./Allied Automotive

The 50-acre Bendix Corp./Allied Automotive Superfund site is in St. Joseph, Michigan. Robert Bosch LLC, the current property owner, operates a brake manufacturing facility on-site. In the 1950s and 1960s, industrial activities included disposal of chemical waste in unlined lagoons. These waste-handling practices resulted in groundwater contamination on-site and off-site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. EPA’s cleanup includes groundwater extraction, treatment and monitoring, as well as soil vapor extraction and vapor phase treatment. Treatment and monitoring are ongoing. Institutional controls prohibit the use of groundwater in some contaminated areas. The brake manufacturing facility has remained open during cleanup. Modern waste-handling practices ensure the proper disposal of industrial byproducts.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 288 people and generated an estimated $63,827,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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BOFORS NOBEL, INC.

The 85-acre Bofors Nobel, Inc. Superfund site is in Muskegon, Michigan. It includes a former specialty chemical production facility, a waste disposal area and a groundwater treatment plant. The facility made alcohol-based detergents, saccharin, pesticides, herbicides and dye intermediates. During the 1960s and mid-1970s, operators put sludge, wastewater and waste liquids from specialty chemical production in 10 unlined lagoons. This practice resulted in contamination of soil, groundwater and Black Creek. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup included groundwater treatment, a soil cover and an underground barrier wall to protect a nearby creek. It also included land use restrictions and ongoing monitoring, operation and maintenance activities. Investigations for part of the site, the 36-acre former production area, are ongoing. A chemical manufacturing company owns the northern part of the site and has a plant west of the site. Black Creek crosses the southern part of the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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BUTTERWORTH #2 LANDFILL

A bicyclist on the bike trail at the site
Butterworth #2 Landfill

The Butterworth #2 Landfill Superfund site is in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It includes 120 acres along the Grand River. From 1950 to 1967, the city of Grand Rapids ran the landfill as an open dump and later as a sanitary landfill. Landfill operations contaminated groundwater and soil. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. With EPA oversight, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) led cleanup activities. Cleanup included capping the landfill and putting in groundwater monitoring wells. In 2002, the city began to discuss possible future uses for the site. To convert the area into a public recreation resource, the city worked with EPA on reuse plans that would ensure the protectiveness of the remedy. These uses included sports fields, walking and biking trails, and a skate park. The city continues to work with the community and recreation organizations on reuse planning. In 2009, EPA approved a request from the city to extend a bike trail across the site using existing access roads. EPA and the city also worked together to allow site access for a local marathon using the roads as well as to evaluate the area’s capacity to support a solar energy facility. The solar project is on hold as the city reevaluates its renewable energy needs. A radio station is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 15 people and generated an estimated $1,207,500 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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CARTER INDUSTRIALS, INC.

The 3.5-acre Carter Industrials, Inc. Superfund site is in Detroit, Michigan. From 1966 to 1986, Carter Industrials, Inc. ran storage and salvage facilities for scrap metal, electrical capacitors and transformers. During salvage operations at the site, PCB contaminated fluids were spilled, which resulted in adjacent residential and commercial properties becoming contaminated by direct runoff of spilled material, contaminated storm water runoff and wind-blown dust contaminated soil and debris. People and vehicles also steered contaminants into area neighborhoods. In 1986, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources found contamination in soil samples. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup, led by the potentially responsible party, took place between 1996 through 1990. It included the demolition of contaminated buildings as well as excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soil and debris. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1997. Two active rail lines cross the northern part of the site. A graffiti park is also partially located on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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CEMETERY DUMP

The 4-acre Cemetery Dump Superfund site is in Rose Township, Michigan. In the late 1960s or early 1970s, illegal dumping resulted in 300 to 600 barrels containing unknown industrial wastes being dumped or buried on-site. Drum fragments, soil and groundwater contained hazardous chemicals. The long-term remedy included fencing and excavation of around 250 drums and drum fragments and 10,000 cubic yards of contaminated soils. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Construction of the remedy finished in 1989. The state determined that the removal of the source of the contamination addressed soil and groundwater contamination. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1995. The cemetery and homes on-site remain in continued use.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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CHARLEVOIX MUNICIPAL WELL

The Charlevoix Municipal Well Superfund site is in Charlevoix, Michigan. Until 1986, the city’s water supply came from the Charlevoix municipal well. Sampling found contaminants in area groundwater that affected the municipal water supply. Contamination may have been caused by operations at several industrial and commercial facilities. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. In 1985, EPA built a new water intake system and filtration plant, using water from Lake Michigan as its source. After it experienced capacity challenges, EPA built a new water intake structure in 1992. This upgraded facility provided safe drinking water. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1993. In 2020, EPA selected a follow-up remedy for groundwater, soil and soil gas contamination, and to resolve issues with contaminated vapors in buildings. Demolition of five structures at source areas of contamination will enable the removal of contaminated soils beneath them. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. This work includes data collection, drilling, installation of remedy components, and other remedies. Uses at the site include a library, a food pantry, residential areas and commercial properties.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 27 people and generated an estimated $537,670 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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CHEM CENTRAL

The 2-acre Chem Central Superfund site is in Wyoming, Michigan. Chem Central began distributing industrial chemicals at the site in 1957. From 1957 to 1962, chemicals leaked into the ground due to a flaw in the pipe used to transfer liquids between rail cars and the bulk storage tanks. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included removal of oils, use of soil vapor extraction to remove harmful chemical vapors and groundwater treatment. The potentially responsible party is cleaning up the area with EPA and state oversight. Groundwater treatment and groundwater flow investigations are ongoing. Chem Central merged with Univar USA in 2007. Univar USA’s chemical distribution activities at the site are ongoing. An electric substation is on an adjacent parcel. At this time, neither entity has expressed interest in changing any of the land uses relevant to the Site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 6 people and generated an estimated $9,800,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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CLARE WATER SUPPLY

The Clare Water Supply Superfund site is in Clare, Michigan. The Clare water supply system draws groundwater from four municipal wells in the area. Operations at an adjacent industrial park contributed to groundwater contamination. In 1981, the Michigan Department of Public Health found volatile organic compounds in two of the municipal wells. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Cleanup activities included soil and groundwater treatment as well as deed and access restrictions. Two 25-foot-tall air strippers have maintained a safe water supply since 1991. Some commercial and industrial operations use this groundwater. Land uses in the area include industrial, residential and agricultural areas. The Clare Fire Department, the Clare Police Department and the Clare Senior Dining Center are also on-site. Little Tobacco Creek is part of a drainage system connected to a broad, low wetland on-site. There is a hydraulic connection between the wetland area and the underlying aquifer. The wetlands recharge the aquifer.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 68 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 435 people and generated an estimated $59,642,644 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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DSC MCLOUTH STEEL GIBRALTAR PLANT

The 620-acre DSC McLouth Steel Gibraltar Plant Superfund site is in Gibraltar, Michigan. In the early 1950s, McLouth Steel Company opened a steel finishing facility at the site. Mill operations ended in 1996, when DSC purchased the site through a bankruptcy settlement. The area includes three landfills and a lagoon system for treating liquid from the landfill. This liquid is known as leachate. Mismanagement of the treatment system resulted in contamination of adjacent creeks. These creeks lead to the Detroit River and the Humbug Marsh Wildlife Refuge. These water resources are important for outdoor recreation in the area. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2015. Due to the volume of leachate produced at the site, EPA selected an interim remedy in 2016. It is pumped and transferred off-site for treatment and disposal. EPA is working on a long-term cleanup plan for the site. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. The funding will allow for the pumping and removal of landfill leachate off-site and for preventing outbreaks and impacts to the local drainage systems. Two active rail lines cross the site. Ecological uses on-site include Brownstone Creek, the Frank & Poet Drain canal and small ponds.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, economic data were not publicly available for this site. For additional information click here.

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FOLKERTSMA REFUSE

The Folkertsma Refuse Superfund site is in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Beginning in the mid-1960s, a landfill on-site accepted a variety of wastes, including foundry sand and construction debris. After changing ownership several times, the landfill closed in 1972. A wood-pallet business opened on-site. An EPA investigation in 1984 found contamination in landfill materials, sediment and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. The potentially responsible parties (PRPs) led cleanup activities from 1991 to 1994. Cleanup included removal of contaminated sediment and its placement in the landfill. The PRPs put a clay cap over the landfill. The wood-pallet repair and manufacturing business relocated to an unrestricted on-site area north of the landfill. The relocation enabled the firm to remain open during and after cleanup. The business remains active. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1996. Site inspections and groundwater and surface water monitoring are ongoing.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, economic data were not publicly available for this site. For additional information click here.

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GRAND TRAVERSE OVERALL SUPPLY CO.

The 2-acre Grand Traverse Overall Supply Co. Superfund site is in Greilickville, Michigan. Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company, a dry-cleaning business, was at the site from 1968 to 1987. Until 1977, workers disposed of waste in a dry well and several lagoons on-site, resulting in soil and groundwater contamination. In 1978, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality found contaminated water in at least 10 wells in the area. One of the wells supplied water to a nearby school. Vapors from contaminated groundwater also posed a risk to the school. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Starting in 2005, EPA led cleanup activities by putting in a soil vapor mitigation system at the school, demolishing the on-site facility and removing contaminated soil. After soil cleanup, EPA put in a groundwater extraction and treatment system. EPA later enhanced groundwater treatment by adding a carbon source, microorganisms and iron to break down contaminants. The extraction system ran until 2020. Part of the site has remained in continued residential use during the cleanup. In 2011, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program and EPA Region 5 supported a reuse assessment to identify suitable reuses. In 2014, a nonprofit arts organization bought the site property and the nearby school for redevelopment as the Grand Traverse Regional Arts Campus. Today, the campus, also known as Leelanau Studios, hosts artists, fitness and health studios, and other businesses.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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H. BROWN CO., INC.

The 16-acre H. Brown Co., Inc. Superfund site is in Walker, Michigan. From 1961 to 1981, the H. Brown Company owned and ran a metals reclamation facility at the site. Operations included lead reclamation from wet-cell batteries. From 1961 to 1978, operators disposed of liquid waste materials directly onto the ground. These practices contaminated groundwater, air and soil with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1978, the Michigan Department of Environment, Greak Lakes and Energy found contamination after sampling wastewater ponds on-site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. In 1998, a developer signed a Prospective Purchaser Agreement (PPA) with EPA, enabling redevelopment opportunities to move forward. A PPA encourages the reuse of Superfund site properties by addressing purchaser and lessee liability concerns. EPA designed the site’s cleanup plan to be compatible with construction of three warehouses, asphalt parking lots and landscaped areas. By 1998, the developer finished building a light industrial complex on-site, returning the area to beneficial use. Several businesses are in the complex, which includes warehouses, office space and parking facilities.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 6 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 172 people and generated an estimated $87,850,737 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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HEDBLUM INDUSTRIES

The 10-acre Hedblum Industries Superfund site is 1 mile southwest of Oscoda, Michigan. From 1958 to 1985, several industrial firms made automotive parts on-site. Disposal practices led to soil and groundwater contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Initial cleanup included soil excavation and groundwater extraction and treatment. In 2012, the potentially responsible party (PRP) put in and began operating a 24-well groundwater circulation system combined with a three-well soil vapor extraction system to address groundwater concerns. EPA monitors treatment of contaminated groundwater and evaluates any potential soil vapor issues. A recent supplemental investigation by the PRP assessed whether the plume is being captured and mitigated, as well as the potential for exposure to soil gas contamination. Preliminary results show the remedy is effective. Testing is ongoing. Institutional controls restrict the use of groundwater to help protect public health. An institutional control monitoring plan is in place. EPA plans to release a long-term stewardship plan for institutional controls. The property owner, an aircraft tool supply company, operates a parts distribution warehouse on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 21 people and generated an estimated $4,910,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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HI-MILL MANUFACTURING CO.

The 4.5-acre Hi-Mill Manufacturing Co. Superfund site is in Highland Township, Michigan. From 1946 to the mid-1980s, Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company made aluminum, brass and copper tubing parts and fittings, mainly for the refrigeration industry, on-site. These activities resulted in the contamination of soil and groundwater. Contaminants of concerns include trichloroethylene (TCE), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and vinyl chloride. Under the Michigan Department of Natural Resources oversight, the company removed contaminated sludge, soil and wastewater from the site in 1983. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Cleanup activities to date have included groundwater monitoring and deed restrictions prohibiting the use of groundwater. Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company began groundwater sampling and monitoring in 1994. The company went out of business in 2013. Since then, EPA and the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy have maintained institutional controls. Today, a glass cooler and freezer door manufacturer and construction business are on site. In late 2023, EPA began a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study to address remaining groundwater contamination and potential vapor intrusion at the Site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 13 people and generated an estimated $1,830,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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IONIA CITY LANDFILL

The 20-acre Ionia City Landfill Superfund site is in Ionia, Michigan. From the mid-1950s until its closure in 1969, the area was a disposal site for municipal, commercial and industrial wastes, including drummed liquids. After its closure, additional waste was disposed of on-site through the 1970s. These disposal activities contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. A short-term cleanup action removed all exposed drums from the property. The site’s long-term remedy included capping, institutional controls and groundwater treatment. Monitoring and maintenance activities are ongoing. Current site uses include a park with a playground, baseball field and picnic area. A 3-mile rail-trail also crosses the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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KAYDON CORP.

The 40-acre Kaydon Corp. Superfund site is in Muskegon, Michigan. White Motors Company made engine blocks on-site until 1941, when Kaydon Corporation acquired the area. Kaydon Corporation makes bearings, ball bearings and bearing assemblies at the site. Wastewater disposal practices contaminated soil, sludge and groundwater. In 1984, Kaydon Corporation began cleanup activities. The company removed contaminated soil and sludge and took it to an off-site facility for disposal. In 1988, the company put in a pump-and-treat system to reduce groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Ongoing investigations continue to identify areas of contamination. As needed, Kaydon Corporation conducts required cleanup activities. Kaydon Corporation continued manufacturing operations during cleanup. It remains active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 160 people and generated an estimated $32,294,833 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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KENT CITY MOBILE HOME PARK

The 2-acre Kent City Mobile Home Park Superfund site is in Kent City, Michigan. In 1982, the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) found hazardous compounds in well water samples at the mobile home park. Investigators found that the source of contamination was a buried 55-gallon drum that collected floor drainage from a dry-cleaning business once active on the property. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1987. Under supervision of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the mobile home park owner installed a new, deeper well and removed the buried drum and surrounding soil. MDPH then monitored groundwater and private wells nearby. After finding the area no longer posed a threat to human health and the environment, EPA issued a Record of Decision in 1994 and took the site off the NPL in 1995. A street-cleaning business is active on-site. Kent City residents continue to live in the mobile home park.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 12 people and generated an estimated $1,040,480 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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KENTWOOD LANDFILL

A view of the Kentwood (Richard L. Root) Branch Library
Kentwood Landfill

The 72-acre Kentwood Landfill Superfund site is in Kentwood, Michigan. Landfill operations from the 1950s to 1976 led to soil and groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. The City of Kentwood (the City) and Kent County worked with EPA to collect and treat groundwater, put in a passive gas ventilation system, maintain the landfill cap and enforce groundwater use restrictions. Cleanup finished in 1995. In 2009, EPA approved a modification of the restrictive covenant to allow a 46,000-square-foot, 2-story public library on part of the site. In 2012, the City worked with EPA to update land use restrictions and agreements to allow for on-site storage of inert materials that do not disturb the landfill cover. In 2015 and 2017, Kent County put in a ventilation system to make sure landfill gas does not migrate to nearby buildings. In 2019, EPA learned that the City hosts an outdoor summer concert series on part of the site. EPA advised the City to collect data to support a modification of the restrictive covenant to allow recreational use and construction of an outdoor campus in this area. Kentwood Farmers Market operates seasonally next to the site. A Kentwood public works building is on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 12 people. For additional information click here.

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KYSOR INDUSTRIAL CORP.

The Kysor Industrial Corp. Superfund site is in Cadillac Industrial Park in Cadillac, Michigan. Kysor Industrial Corporation ran an automotive parts plant on-site starting in 1959. Operators dumped barrels of spent solvent and degreaser directly onto the ground behind the plant, resulting in soil and groundwater contamination. Several other facilities in the Cadillac Industrial Park also contributed to six comingled groundwater contaminant plumes under the site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Cleanup included removal and treatment of contaminated soil, soil vapor extraction, and extraction and treatment of groundwater. The remedy also addresses groundwater contamination from the nearby Northernaire Plating Superfund site, which shares the groundwater table with the site. Groundwater treatment is ongoing. Operators send treated groundwater into the Clam River. Land use controls prevent the use of contaminated groundwater as a drinking water source. The automotive parts plant remains active on-site under new ownership.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 42 people and generated an estimated $54,836,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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LOWER ECORSE CREEK DUMP

The Lower Ecorse Creek Dump Superfund site includes six residential blocks on the bank of the Ecorse River in Wyandotte, Michigan, 6 miles southwest of Detroit. From the 1920s to the 1980s, wetlands along the Ecorse River were reportedly filled in with coal-gasification plant waste and construction debris. Contamination was identified in 1989 after a resident reported blue-stained soil on and around their property Coal-gasification plant waste likely caused the contamination and discoloration. In 1993, EPA excavated and disposed of contaminated soil and repaired affected homes. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1994. Removal and restoration activities at the residential part of the site ended in 2000. In 2001, EPA led more cleanup activities at Kiwanis Park, including excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soil. EPA continues to monitor and maintain the soil cover over the park to make sure the area remains safe for continued use. Institutional controls restrict land and groundwater use and protect the remedy from disturbance. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 2005. Today, Kiwanis Park includes a playground, a swing set, a pavilion, a basketball court and grass-covered open space. Residential areas are located across most of the site. The Lower Ecorse River crosses part of the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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MCGRAW EDISON CORP.

The 24-acre McGraw Edison Corp. Superfund site is in Albion, Michigan. From 1958 to 1980, McGraw Edison Corporation made air conditioners, humidifiers and similar equipment at the site. Between 1970 and 1980, the company spread about 15,000 gallons of oily waste on the site’s dirt roads to control dust. Waste contaminated two on-site water supply wells and 45 nearby residential wells. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included removing contaminated soil, flushing remaining soil contamination and treating groundwater. EPA offered public water supply connections to homes affected by the contamination. Many people accepted the offer. A Consent Decree between the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the potentially responsible parties selected the final remedy. Groundwater treatment and monitoring are ongoing. A car repair and restoration business are on-site. A few industrial businesses are also on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 14 people and generated an estimated $7,835,430 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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METAL WORKING SHOP

The 2-acre Metal Working Shop Superfund site is in Lake Ann, Michigan. From 1974 to 1977, a metal finishing workshop was on-site. Shop operators dumped rinse waters from the metal working process on the ground. These disposal practices were suspected to have contaminated soil and groundwater and threatened groundwater quality in nearby residential areas. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. EPA tested groundwater and surface soil in 1991. EPA found contaminant levels were not high enough to pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, EPA took the area off the NPL in 1992. Today, most of the site is a forest. Woodworking takes place on a small part of the site. In 2000, the Lake Ann Camp and Retreat Center purchased the site property.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.

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NORTH BRONSON INDUSTRIAL SUBAREAS

The North Bronson Industrial Subareas Superfund site, also known as the North Bronson Former Facilities (NBFF), is in the city of Bronson in Branch County, Michigan. It includes three former metal plating and finishing facilities – Bronson Reel, L.A. Darling and Scott Fetzer. In the early 1900s, metal-plating operations discharged wastewater into a county drain. Contaminated water from the facilities resulted in cattle and fish kills in the 1930s. The city built industrial sewers and lagoons to contain the waste and eliminate the discharge to the county drain. Construction of the Western Lagoons took place in 1938. When they reached capacity, the city built the Eastern Lagoons in 1949. EPA first investigated site areas as part of the North Bronson Industrial Areas Superfund site. In the early 2000s, EPA decided to manage the former facilities as a separate site under the Superfund Alternative Approach. Cleanup includes removing contaminated soil, treating groundwater, restricting groundwater use and putting in soil vapor mitigation systems. The Bronson Reel and Scott Fetzer properties are vacant. The L.A. Darling area is mostly vacant; there is a city water tower on its northeast side. A groundwater pumping and treatment system is running on the southern part of the L.A. Darling area. This area will likely return to industrial use after the completion of cleanup activities.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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NORTHERNAIRE PLATING

The 13-acre Northernaire Plating Superfund site is at the corner of 6th Street and 8th Avenue in Cadillac Industrial Park in Cadillac, Michigan. From 1971 to 1981, Northernaire ran an electroplating facility on-site. It used metals in its industrial processes. Through improper handling and faulty sewer lines, hazardous metals including chromium leaked into soil and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. EPA immediately removed chemical containers, drums and sewer lines. In 1995, EPA facilitated other cleanup activities. They included installation and operation of an extensive groundwater extraction and treatment system, new discharge piping and a soil vapor extraction system. The remedy also addresses groundwater contamination from the nearby Kysor Industrial Corporation Superfund site. The remedy has achieved cleanup goals for hexavalent chromium. Cleanup systems continue to address contaminated groundwater from the Kysor Industrial Corporation site. PFAS was found at the site in 2021 and 2022 and further analysis is needed. A trucking company currently operates at the former source area.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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NOVACO INDUSTRIES

The 2.6-acre Novaco Industries Superfund site is in Temperance, Michigan. It is 50 miles south of Detroit and 5 miles north of Toledo, Ohio. The site’s study area includes the Novaco Industries facility, Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 9656 and the Moyer residential property. In 1979, a chromic acid leak from an 1,870-gallon underground storage tank at Novaco Industries led to chromium contamination of the company’s well and two other private wells nearby. Novaco Industries replaced these wells with deeper wells in new locations. While new wells removed substantial amounts of contamination (about 400 pounds of hexavalent chromium), remaining contamination continued to migrate. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included groundwater treatment to address remaining contamination. Since then, periodic groundwater sampling has shown steady decreases in total chromium over time. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1998. The area is in continued residential and commercial use.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 4 people. For additional information click here.

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ORGANIC CHEMICALS, INC.

A truck parking at the site
Organic Chemicals, Inc.

The 5-acre Organic Chemicals, Inc. Superfund site is in Grandville, Michigan. From 1941 to 1991, Organic Chemicals, Inc. ran a chemical manufacturing operation on-site. It made small quantities of specialized industrial chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates. Chemical spills and leaking waste lagoons contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup activities included groundwater extraction and treatment and removal of contaminated soil. EPA discontinued operation of the extraction and treatment system in 2003. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. In 2006, a Grandville-based trucking company purchased the site property. It parks trucks on the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 20 people and generated an estimated $1,000,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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OSSINEKE GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

The 11-acre Ossineke Ground Water Contamination Superfund site is in Ossineke, Michigan. Operations at three properties – the Barn gas station and convenience store, the Marathon Service Station, and an area near Alphonse and LaRose Streets – likely contaminated soil and groundwater at the site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. In 1991, EPA investigations found that contamination came from leaking underground storage tanks. EPA’s underground storage tank program took over cleanup in 1995. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1996. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality continues to monitor the site. No residents receive drinking water from the area of contaminated groundwater. Several homes and businesses remain in continued use above the area of groundwater contamination.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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PARSONS CHEMICAL WORKS, INC.

The Parsons Chemical Works, Inc. Superfund site is in Grand Ledge, Michigan. From 1945 to 1979, Parsons Chemical Works mixed, made and packaged agricultural chemicals on-site. The agricultural chemicals included pesticides, herbicides, solvents and mercury-based compounds. Chemical waste from the factory migrated from floor drains to an unnamed tributary of the Grand River. In addition to the discharge of liquid wastes, manufacturing activities at the facility resulted in the deposition of agricultural chemicals on soil around the perimeter of the building. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. Non-Time Critical Removal Actions occurred in 1990 and 1998 resulting in the removal of contaminated soil by In-Situ Vitrification. EPA signed a Record of Decision in 1997 including long-term groundwater monitoring. From 2003 to 2011, annual groundwater monitoring well samples were analyzed. The results were concluded to be related to off-site sources leading to filling the on-Site wells. Current site uses include an operational landscaping business.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 9 people and generated an estimated $499,510 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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PMC GROUNDWATER

The trail and residences on the site
PMC Groundwater

The PMC Groundwater Superfund site is in Petoskey, Michigan. It is on the shores of Lake Michigan. From 1946 to the late 1960s, the Petoskey Manufacturing Company (PMC) ran a die-casting and paint-processing plant at the site. Improper disposal practices contaminated area groundwater, soil and the town’s municipal well. In 1981, drinking water samples from the well had elevated levels of contaminants. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. EPA, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, the city of Petoskey and local developers worked together on the cleanup and redevelopment of the site and surrounding waterfront. Cleanup activities included removing contaminated soil and the well and monitoring groundwater. Deed restrictions limit the future use of groundwater. In 2017, EPA led a vapor intrusion investigation at the condominium redevelopment on the former PMC property and surrounding area. In 2018, EPA put in vapor mitigation systems for all units with indoor air results above health-based standards. In 2019, EPA led a removal action to pre-emptively prevent vapor intrusion at remaining condominium units on the property. Cleanup of underground vapor sources is ongoing. Today, site uses include residential and commercial areas and a recreational waterfront. The condominiums have all-underground utilities. An improved road, parking and a bicycle path are also on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 7 people and generated an estimated $579,130 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP. (ALLEGAN PLANT)

The 30-acre Rockwell International Corp. (Allegan Plant) Superfund site is in Allegan, Michigan. It is in a former industrial area near the Kalamazoo River. From the 1920s to 1991, Rockwell International Corp. made equipment for cars and construction machinery. Manufacturing activities at a facility sent wastewater into the Kalamazoo River, wetlands and lagoons. Improper disposal practices contaminated soil and groundwater with lead, arsenic and cyanide. An on-site municipal waste landfill also contaminated groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1987. Cleanup included digging up contaminated soil and taking it off-site for disposal. Groundwater cleanup and monitoring are ongoing. In 2001 and 2007, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program supported reuse planning efforts at the site. A ropes course and an indoor public recreation center are now in the former facility buildings. The city of Allegan’s wastewater treatment plant is also on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 70 people and generated an estimated $24,490,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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ROTO-FINISH CO., INC.

The 7-acre Roto-Finish Co., Inc. Superfund site is in Portage, Michigan. From 1950 to 1988, the Roto-Finish Company made specialized equipment to deburr and polish metal castings, mechanical parts and similar objects on-site. Operators used two systems for waste disposal. Wastes from restrooms and laboratories were routed through a system of septic tanks, dry wells and a tile field. Wastewater from manufacturing and testing processes discharged to one of five on-site lagoons. These waste disposal practices resulted in groundwater contamination. From 1979 to 1984, the Roto-Finish Company dug up the lagoons and removed surface soils. Cleanup also included disposal of excavated materials and placement of clean material in excavated areas. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. Long-term monitoring is ongoing. Groundwater use restrictions are in place until groundwater meets drinking water standards. Investigation is currently underway for vapor intrusion due to accumulation of volatile organic compound vapors beneath the building. A commercial warehousing facility and a brand management company are on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 3 people and generated an estimated $260,700 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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SHIAWASSEE RIVER

The Shiawassee River Superfund site spans 8 miles of the Shiawassee River in Howell, Michigan. The Cast Forge Company ran an aluminum casting facility on 51 acres of the site from 1969 to 1973. It released contaminated wastewater from on-site lagoons into the river and surrounding wetlands. These activities contaminated soils, lagoons and the river. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cast Forge Company filled in the lagoons and removed contaminated soils. It also funded restoration activities, such as dredging, on the southern part of the Shiawassee River. EPA completed the cleanup in 2005. Efforts included issuing a fish advisory for the area to discourage fish consumption. affected part of the River is now being monitored for natural recovery of contamination. Residents now canoe and kayak on the river. Commercial and industrial businesses are active on-site. They include, but are not limited to, an industrial warehouse, manufacturing of cleaning products, plumbing, real estate, a recycling facility, and a landscaping supplier.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 6 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 38 people and generated an estimated $2,821,120 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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SOUTH MACOMB DISPOSAL AUTHORITY (LANDFILLS #9 AND #9A)

The 159-acre South Macomb Disposal Authority (Landfills #9 and #9A) site is in Macomb County, Michigan. It includes two adjacent landfills that were active from 1967 to 1975. Hazardous chemicals are present at and around the site. Discharge from the landfill also entered the McBride Drain, an open channel that receives runoff from the site. Contamination affected subsurface soils and groundwater in residential drinking water wells and aquifers. Cleanup included leachate and groundwater collection and treatment, landfill gas venting, and institutional controls and deed restrictions. Operation and maintenance activities are ongoing. A cemetery is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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SPIEGELBERG LANDFILL

The 114-acre Spiegelberg Landfill Superfund site is in Green Oak Township, Michigan. Disposal of domestic, industrial and septic waste materials took place on-site from 1966 to about 1977. Waste disposal operations contaminated soil and groundwater with hazardous chemicals. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included excavation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes and contaminated soils as well as groundwater treatment. After cleanup, EPA took the site off the NPL in 2011. Today, a sand, gravel and peat mine is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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STURGIS MUNICIPAL WELLS

The Sturgis Municipal Wells Superfund site is in Sturgis, Michigan. Two local industrial properties (the Kirsch property and the Wade Electric property) are possible sources of soil and groundwater contamination found at the site in 1982. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1984. Groundwater pumping and treatment have been underway since 1997. Soil cleanup at the Kirsch source area included soil vapor extraction (SVE) and soil removal. A new air sparge (AS) and SVE system was installed in early 2023 at the east parcel of the Kirsch property. A plumbing company was in the building on the east parcel. It is now for sale. A supplemental remedial investigation (SRI) started in 2019 for the Wade Electric property. It is ongoing. The SRI will address vapor intrusion concerns and determine if a source is still contributing to groundwater contamination. EPA funded the SRI work on the Wade Electric property through a cooperative agreement with the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. A grocery store and restaurant are active on the Wade Electric property. After sampling in 2021 found vapor intrusion on the property, EGLE put in a mitigation system for the grocery store.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 6 people and generated an estimated $289,730 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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TAR LAKE

The 189-acre Tar Lake Superfund site surrounds a dry 4-acre pond in Mancelona Township, Michigan. From 1882 to 1945, Antrim Iron Company ran an iron works facility on site. It disposed of wastes in the pond, referred to as Tar Lake. Disposal practices resulted in groundwater contamination. In 1983, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup included removal of tar waste and contaminated soil as well as treatment of groundwater. Homes also connected to the municipal water supply. In 2013, EPA found that more soil excavation and an expansion of the groundwater treatment system were needed to ensure the long-term protectiveness of the site’s remedy. Design work for these activities was completed in 2024. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. BIL funding will be used to engage the United States Army Corps of Engineers to excavate and dispose approximately 215,000 tons of contaminated soil and improve the groundwater remediation system with a new energy efficient air compressor and 28 new wells. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) continues to run the site’s groundwater treatment system and monitor groundwater. After cleanup, EPA took the 45-acre Eastern Tailings Area (ETA) of the site off the NPL in 2005. In 2009, Mancelona Renewable Resources (MRR) purchased a 115-acre part of the site, including the ETA area. In 2011, EPA took the remaining 75-acre part of the site purchased by MRR off the NPL. Community Resources Development (CRD), a nonprofit agency, owns 54 acres of the site. EPA and MDEQ worked with CRD and a railroad company to support the redevelopment of 24 acres of CRD’s property next to Route 131 for industrial use. In 2014, Great Lakes Central Railroad purchased 5 acres of the CRD property. Today, a liquidation store and a municipal wood waste storage area are on site. A residential property is located on the northeast corner of the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.

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TEN-MILE DRAIN

The Ten-Mile Drain Superfund site is in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. It includes an underground storm sewer utility heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A PCB release likely migrated from a parking lot onto adjacent properties and into and through the Ten Mile Drain (TMD) storm sewer system. The system discharges into residential canals, the Lange Street canal and the Revere Street canal. In 2002, EPA led a short-term cleanup at the site. It removed PCB-contaminated sediments from the TMD system, the Lange Street canal, the channel connecting the Lange Street and Revere Street canals, and part of the western end of the Revere Street canal. About 5,900 tons of PCB-contaminated materials and 18,000 tons of non-hazardous materials were taken off-site for disposal at approved facilities. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2010. In 2016, EPA removed, treated and disposed of 2,242 tons of PCB-contaminated soil and 36,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated water. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at National Priorities List (NPL) sites. in 2023, EPA completed cleanup at 34 properties. In 2024, EPA plans to clean up the remaining 23 properties and 1 commercial property with completion expected by winter 2024. This residential cleanup is at no cost to the homeowner and is funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). In January 2024, EPA issued a Record of Decision addressing the remaining PCB-impacted portion of the Ten-Mile Drain storm sewer system. The cleanup plan includes excavation and removal of six manhole vaults, and removal of a segment of the TMD concrete pipe (approximately 2,110 linear feet) along with the PCB-impacted stone bedding and backfill materials.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 20 people and generated an estimated $3,903,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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TITTABAWASSEE RIVER, SAGINAW RIVER & BAY

The Tittabawassee River, Saginaw River & Bay site is in Midland, Michigan. Dow Chemical Company opened its Midland Plant on site in 1897. The 1,900-acre facility is next to the Tittabawassee River. Most of the Dow plant is on the east side of the river. It produced over 1,000 organic and inorganic chemicals. Dioxins and furans were byproducts formed during the making of chlorine-based products. Past waste disposal practices at the plant resulted in on-site and off-site contamination that settled in sediment and built up in riverbanks and floodplain areas. Off-site contamination extends over 50 miles downstream, through the Tittabawassee River and Saginaw River, and into Saginaw Bay. Dow Chemical Company leads the site’s cleanup, with EPA and EGLE oversight. To manage the cleanup, EPA divided the Tittabawassee River into seven segments ranging in length from 3 to 4 miles. Work is done in stages, from upstream to downstream, segment by segment. Cleanups target areas in each segment referred to as sediment management areas (SMAs) or bank management areas (BMAs). Cleanup includes removing and treating contaminated material, building containment systems to prevent further spread of contamination, and stabilizing riverbanks with deep-rooted native plants. Floodplain cleanup work is also done in stages, EPA selected a cleanup plan for contaminated soil in frequently flooded areas along the Tittabawassee River in 2015, and the multi-year floodplain cleanup. Dow Chemical Company’s facility remains active on site. The Tittabawassee River crosses the site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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TORCH LAKE

Torch Lake
Torch Lake

The 2,700-acre Torch Lake Superfund site is on Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula, in the Torch Lake Area of Concern. It includes lakes, ponds, waterways and tailing piles. From the 1890s to 1969, copper mining activities deposited mine wastes into surrounding soil and surface water, resulting in soil, surface water and groundwater contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1986. EPA’s cleanup activities included cap construction, slag removal and habitat restoration. EPA took parts of the site off the NPL in 2002, 2004, 2012 and 2013 as cleanup goals were met. EPA continues to provide oversight for monitoring efforts by the state of Michigan and the community. Area municipalities continue to operate well fields and sewage lagoons on-site. Habitat restoration activities on Torch Lake’s Gull Island included the planting of about 38,000 trees, shrubs and beach grasses into the stamp sands which make up the island. Redevelopment resulted in several residential developments on-site, including the communities of Isle-Royale, Dollar Bay and Point Mills. EPA has also worked closely with the National Park Service, the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Franklin Township and local partners on a 25-acre part of the site known as Quincy Smelter. Quincy Smelter is in Keweenaw National Historical Park and recognized as part of the Quincy Mining Company National Historic Landmark. EPA took the Quincy Smelter part of the site off the NPL in 2013. The Quincy Smelter Association offers tours of the historic landmark, the best-preserved copper smelter in the country. Future reuse plans include a waterfront recreation area. A 2021 agreement for rezoning of part of the property allowed for commercial development and preservation of nearby wetlands.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 6 people. For additional information click here.

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U.S. AVIEX

The 6-acre U.S. Aviex Superfund site is near Niles, Michigan. The U.S. Aviex Company made non-lubricating automotive fluids at the site from the early 1960s to late 1978. Tanks stored large quantities of chemicals and pipes carried these chemicals to the processing area. During operations in the 1960s and 1970s, releases of hazardous chemicals contaminated soil and groundwater. Contaminants in the groundwater reached private residential wells. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Federal, state and potentially responsible party (PRP) actions are addressing the area. Cleanup activities include extracting and treating groundwater with an air stripper and treating source soils by flushing them with water. Institutional controls restrict groundwater use and prevent disturbance of the remedy. A storage facility is active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. EPA did not have further economic details related to this business. For additional information click here.

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VELSICOL BURN PIT

The 5-acre Velsicol Burn Pit Superfund site is in St. Louis, Michigan, 1,200 feet northwest of the Pine River. Nearby land uses include recreation (a golf course) and residential areas. From 1956 until the 1970s, Velsicol Chemical Corporation (Velsicol) ran a disposal area on-site. It ran a chemical manufacturing facility across the Pine River from the site. Industrial wastes were burned for disposal purposes. Solid waste from the city of St. Louis was also burned at the site. From 1978 to 1983 and before the site’s listing on the National Priorities List (NPL), a preliminary assessment, site inspection and site characterization investigation were performed. In response to investigation findings and in line with a 1982 Consent Judgment remedy for the Velsicol Chemical Corporation Superfund site, Velsicol removed about 68,000 cubic yards of contaminated material from the site’s burn pit in 1983. The material was taken to the Velsicol Chemical Corporation site and placed under a compacted clay cap. EPA then considered the site to be part of the Velsicol Chemical Corporation site. However, further investigations at the burn pit found a large amount of contamination remaining at the site. As a result, EPA added the burn pit to the NPL in 2010. Cleanup includes treating nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and other source contamination with in-place thermal treatment, placing a soil cover over the thermally treated soil, and planting native grasses. It also includes digging up and removing ash piles remaining from the 1983 excavation, connecting nearby homes to the public water supply, and putting institutional controls in place. After these cleanup activities, groundwater investigations will begin. Velsicol Chemical Corporation filed for bankruptcy in 1999. The federal government provides funding for the cleanup. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. Construction of the site’s thermal treatment system, funded by BIL, began in June 2023, with cleanup planned to continue through 2025.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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VELSICOL CHEMICAL CORP. (MICHIGAN)

The Velsicol Chemical Corp. (Michigan) Superfund site is in St. Louis, Michigan. Since 1936, the Michigan Chemical Corp. (now known as Velsicol) made chemical products, including pesticides, at the 54-acre facility. After years of poor waste management practices, the facility was decommissioned in 1978. Investigations found dense non-aqueous phase liquid, a heavy oil-like substance composed of many man-made organic compounds in the subsurface as well as pesticides (namely, DDT) in soil and groundwater. Discharges also contaminated nearby properties, including homes and the Pine River. An advisory prevents fish consumption. In 1982, Velsicol entered into an agreement with EPA and the state to build a cap and slurry wall around the facility to prevent further migration of contaminants. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup included sediment removal from Pine River, soil cleanup in residential yards, and soil and groundwater treatment at the facility. EPA funded the replacement of the City of St. Louis' municipal drinking water supply, providing clean drinking water to the community. In December 2021, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. The funding will support the next phase of cleanup, which began in October 2022, after in-place thermal treatment, with the excavation and off-site disposal of about 100,000 tons of contaminated soils. Remedial design activities for other future remedy components are ongoing. Restoration of the dug-up area will finish in 2024. The next phase of cleanup activities will take place in 2024. It will include putting in a sheet pile wall along the site boundary with the Pine River and excavating floodplains and river banks downstream of the St. Louis dam. The City has developed a recreational reuse plan for the site after cleanup. EPA is working with the State of Michigan Land Bank Authority (the owners of the site) and stakeholders on their plans for the reuse of the former chemical plant area.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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VERONA WELL FIELD

The Verona Well Field Superfund site is in Battle Creek, Michigan. The Thomas Solvent Company was on-site from 1963 to 1984. Before 1963, the company operated as the Home Fuel and Coal Company (1939 to 1950) and as the Home Coal and Cleaning Solvent Company (1950 to 1963). In 1984, the Thomas Solvent Company went out of business. When it was active, it used two facilities for storage, blending and containerization of solvents. Contamination affected three aquifers and 27 drinking water wells over a 160-acre area. EPA found that the sources of contamination were three 1-acre facilities. The Grand Trunk Western Railroad ran a paint shop at the third facility. Leakage from containers and underground storage tanks, spillage, and dumping contaminated soil and groundwater with hazardous chemicals. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Federal, state and potentially responsible party actions are addressing the site. The long-term remedy included blocking of the migration of contaminated groundwater, soil vapor extraction, groundwater extraction and treatment, groundwater monitoring and institutional controls. Affected homes connected to the public water system. Operation and maintenance activities are ongoing. A railway and a railroad maintenance area are active on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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WASH KING LAUNDRY

The 94.5-acre Wash King Laundry Superfund site is in Baldwin, Michigan. Wash King Laundry was on-site from 1962 to 1991. Dry-cleaning operations sent solvents and laundry waste into seepage lagoons. Workers also stored solvents in an underground tank. The tank leaked, contaminating soil and groundwater with perchloroethylene (PCE). The contaminated groundwater plume extends from source areas on-site to the Pere Marquette River, a designated National Wild and Scenic River and blue-ribbon trout stream. In 1973, the state of Michigan found PCE in residential wells near the lagoons. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983. Cleanup activities include groundwater extraction and treatment, soil vapor extraction, in-place bioremediation, and thermal treatment of soil and groundwater. The Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy manages the cleanup. Cleanup is ongoing. In 2016, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) provided support for a project to plan future land uses at the site. It identified commercial and tourism-related redevelopment opportunities for the Pere Marquette River area. The site is in Manistee National Forest, which offers year-round recreational uses, including trails and campgrounds. It also provides habitat for several federally protected species, such as the Piping Plover, Karner Blue Butterfly and Pitcher’s Thistle. Commercial uses on-site include hotels, lodges, antique shops, a canoe and kayak rental shop, storage buildings and other businesses. The Pere Marquette neighborhood is also on-site.
Last updated September 2024

As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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Last updated on November 18, 2024