Mobile Source Emission Factors Research
On this page:
- Remote Sensing Device
- Light Duty Vehicles and Trucks
- Heavy Duty Vehicles
- On-Highway Motorcycles
- NONROAD Equipment
This page contains information on selected mobile source emission factors research being conducted by EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Data and Testing Center. For further information or assistance regarding this web page, contact the EPA personnel listed below.
Remote Sensing Device
Remote Sensing Device Report
- Measurement of On-Road Emission Rates by Laser Remote Sensing: Westminster Field Study (pdf) (24.0 MB, May 2023, EPA-420-R-23-011) This is collaborative work between the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), and the Environmental Protection Agency. This contractor report provides research conducted on new methodologies to measure on-road evaporative and exhaust emissions using laser based sensors.
- For questions, contact: Carl Fulper ([email protected]) at 734-214-4400.
Light Duty Vehicles and Trucks
Brake Wear Emission Report
- Brake Wear Particle Emission Rates and Characterization (pdf) (9.4 MB, September 2022, EPA-420-R-22-024) Summary of light-duty brake wear emissions testing program conducted in collaboration with California Air Resources Board.
- For questions, contact: Chad Bailey ([email protected])at 734-214-4954
Exhaust Emission Reports
- Kansas City PM Characterization Study (pdf) ( 52.7 MB, April 2008, EPA-420-R-08-009) This contractor report summarizes the testing procedures, protocols and some preliminary results from emission testing light-duty vehicles in the Kansas City area during the summer of 2004 and the winter of 2004/2005.
- Kansas City Appendices (zip) These are the supporting documents and appendices for the Kansas City PM Characterization Study.
- Kansas City Emission Database 1 (zip) This is a relational database containing the vehicle information and aggregated emission information on tests conducted during the Kansas City test program. All tables are in the standard database format (*.DBF) which is usable by a variety of software. A user guide to table relationships and table definitions can be found in the MSOD User Guide and Reference (pdf) (4.3 MB, November 2008, EPA420-B-08-017).
- Kansas City Emission Database II (zip) This is a relational database contains the all second-by-second data gathered during the Kansas City test program. All tables are in the standard database format (*.DBF) which is usable by a variety of software. A user guide to table relationships and table definitions can be found in the MSOD User Guide and Reference (pdf) (4.3 MB, November 2008, EPA420-B-08-017).
- Analysis of Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City (pdf) (914 KB, April 2008, EPA-420-R-08-010) This EPA report summarizes and analyzes the PM data from Kansas City PM Characterization Study conducted in 2004 and 2005. It supplements the Eastern Research Group contractor report to EPA which describes the details of the study and provides some preliminary results.
- For questions, contact: Carl Fulper ([email protected]) at 734-214-4400.
Evaporative Emissions Reports
Some of the research involved other partners such as the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the E-77 suite of laboratory programs. A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) was formed between the Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment (CDPHE) which allowed for a synergistic effect on the field research. For questions, contact: Carl Fulper ([email protected]) at 734-214-4400.
- High Evaporative Emission Investigation Field Study (pdf) (3.5 MB, January 2022, EPA-420-R-22-003) EPA research on refueling emissions conducted at a gasoline refueling station. Study utilized an infrared camera to detect plumes during refueling events to indicate functionality of ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) and canister evaporative control system.
- Evaporative Emission from In-Use Vehicles: Test Fleet Expansion (CRC E-77-2b) Final Report (pdf) (14.7 MB, October 2010, EPA-420-R-10-025) This contractor report summarizes the testing procedures, and some preliminary results from the evaporative testing done at the Automotive Testing Laboratory through Harold Haskew and Associates under contract with Southwest Research Institute. The testing took place from January to October 2009. This testing program is a continuation of the testing done in cooperation with the Coordinating Research Council, E-77-2.
- Other CRC E-77 reports which were done collaboratively with the EPA and NREL can be found at the CRC website (crcao.com):
- E-77: Vehicle Evaporative Emission Mechanisms: A Pilot Study (pdf) (2.2 MB, June 2008), and Companion Data files (zip) (July 2008)
- E-77-2: Enhanced Evaporative Emissions (pdf) (863 KB, March 2010)
- E-77-2c: Study to Determine Evaporative Emission Breakdown, including Permeation Effects and Diurnal Emissions, using E20 Fuels on Aging Enhanced Evaporative Emissions Certified Vehicles (pdf) (2.5 MB, December 2010)
- High evaporative emission field studies were conducted by the EPA/OTAQ and our CRADA partner, CDPHE, in Denver over two summers 2008 (Lipan) and 2009 (Ken Caryl). CDPHE continued further study in this area in the summer of 2010.
- Investigation of Techniques for High Evaporative Emissions Vehicle Detection: Denver Summer 2008 Pilot Study at Lipan Street Station (pdf) (1.8 MB, September 2014, EPA-420-R-14-027)
- Estimated Summer Hot-Soak Distributions for Denver’s Ken Caryl Inspection-and-Maintenance (I/M) Station Fleet (pdf) (5.9 MB, March 2014, EPA-420-R-14-008)
- Second-Generation Onboard Diagnostics (OBD II or OBD) information was available from the Inspection-and-Maintenance (I/M) lanes, which was compared to the portable sealed housing for evaporative determination (PSHED) results. A deeper look into State OBD II data for evaporative emission related codes was performed for several States.
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems in Identifying Fuel Vapor Losses from Light Duty Vehicles (pdf) (3.2 MB, March 2014, EPA-420-R-14-010)
- Analysis of Evaporative On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Readiness and DTCs using I/M Data (pdf) (2.7 MB, March 2014, EPA-420-R-14-007)
- Multiple Day Diurnal Testing (pdf) (7.2 MB, March 2014, EPA-420-R-14-006) This was performed by OTAQ for two fuels, 9 and 10 RVP equivalent at Sea Level. Nine vehicles were tested in sealed housing for evaporative determination (SHED) over a fourteen day period
- Running Loss Testing
- Running Loss Testing with Implanted Leaks (pdf) (13.4 MB, March 2014, EPA-420-R-14-009) This was performed at a local laboratory in Michigan. The field studies in Denver and the E-77 programs gave us information on hot soak and diurnal testing for newer technology vehicles over a range of leak sizes, but not for running loss emissions.
- Fuel Tank Temperature Profile Development for Highway Driving (pdf) (1.6 MB, October 2014, EPA-420-R-14-026) EPA supplied five representative vehicles for the testing of this program. The need for other operating cycles is required by more sophisticated modal models.
Heavy Duty Vehicles
- Heavy-Duty Vehicle Activity Updates for MOVES Using NREL Fleet DNA and CE-CERT Data (pdf) (13.4 MB, June 2021)
- This is collaborative work between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), University of California at Riverside, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research & Technology (CE-CERT), and the Environmental Protection Agency. In this work, we developed heavy-duty start and idle inputs for MOVES using instrumented truck data. For questions, contact: Carl Fulper ([email protected]) at 734-214-4400.
- Heavy-Duty Vehicle Activity for EPA MOVES
- Meta-data and resolved data underlying the aggregated data presented in the report.
- Data Collection of Heavy-Duty Drayage Trucks in Houston-Galveston Port Area (pdf) (7.2 MB, May 2023, EPA-420-R-23-012)
- This is collaborative work between the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), the Houston-Galveston Area Council (HGAC), and the Environmental Protection Agency. This contractor report is a multi-year effort to gather emission and activity data on drayage heavy-duty trucks.
- For questions, contact: Carl Fulper ([email protected]) at 734-214-4400.
- Other CRC E-77 reports which were done collaboratively with the EPA and NREL can be found at the CRC website (crcao.com):
On-Highway Motorcycles
- Evaluation and Development of an On-Highway Motorcycle Evaporative Emission Reduction Strategy (pdf) (1.5MB, August 2021, EPA-420-R-21-016)
For questions, contact: Cheryl Caffrey ([email protected]) at 734-214-4849
Nonroad Equipment
- Populations, Activity and Emissions of Diesel Noroad Equipment in EPA Region 7 (pdf) (3.0 MB, July 2012, EPA-420-R-12-009) This contractor report summarizes the pilot recruitment protocols, testing procedures, and some preliminary results from emission testing diesel nonroad equipment in EPA Region 7.
- Populations, Activity and Emissions of Diesel Noroad Equipment in EPA Region 7 Appendices (zip) These are the supporting documents and appendices for the the Populations, Activity and Emissions of Diesel Noroad Equipment in EPA Region 7 Report.
- For questions, contact: Carl Fulper([email protected]) at 734-214-4400.